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Biology
Cell biology, genetics, ecology, human & plant physiology
1
Cell Structure & Function
- Cell membrane structure and function
- Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic cells
- Organelles and their functions
- Cell division (Mitosis & Meiosis)
- Cell cycle regulation
2
Biological Molecules
- Carbohydrates (mono, di, polysaccharides)
- Lipids (fats, phospholipids, steroids)
- Proteins (structure, enzymes)
- Nucleic acids (DNA & RNA)
- ATP and energy transfer
3
Enzymes
- Enzyme structure and function
- Lock and key model
- Factors affecting enzyme activity
- Inhibition (competitive & non-competitive)
- Enzyme regulation
4
Genetics
- Mendel's laws of inheritance
- Monohybrid and dihybrid crosses
- Linkage and crossing over
- Sex-linked inheritance
- DNA replication and protein synthesis
- Mutations and genetic disorders
5
Evolution
- Natural selection
- Darwin's theory of evolution
- Evidence for evolution
- Speciation
- Hardy-Weinberg principle
6
Ecology
- Ecosystem structure and function
- Food chains and food webs
- Energy flow and nutrient cycling
- Population ecology
- Biodiversity and conservation
- Environmental issues
7
Human Physiology
- Digestive system
- Circulatory system
- Respiratory system
- Nervous system
- Endocrine system
- Excretory system
- Reproductive system
- Immune system
8
Plant Physiology
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration in plants
- Transpiration and water transport
- Plant hormones and growth
- Mineral nutrition